Finnish defence forces use shotguns as last-resort anti-drone measure

The Finnish Defence Forces have confirmed they train troops to use shotguns as a final line of defence against small drones, according to a statement to national broadcaster Yle.

In response to questions, the Defence Command’s communications office stated that “for smaller systems, we also have a method involving shotgun use. This is practised annually as part of air defence and live-fire exercises. As seen in Ukraine and in our own exercises, it works well if the target is acquired.”

While shotgun training was previously used to develop motor skills and marksmanship for missile operators—such as during Cold War-era Strela man-portable air defence system (MANPADS) training—it has now become a direct countermeasure. “I see it as the last tool against small FPV drones for unit and soldier self-protection,” said Esa Kelloniemi, retired lieutenant colonel and director of the Finnish Air Defence Museum.

The shotgun’s limited effective range, though a constraint, also reduces the risk zone behind the target compared to rifle ammunition. Kelloniemi noted that for civilians looking to develop air defence skills, skeet shooting would be the most relevant discipline.

Finland has roughly half a million registered shotguns in private hands. The Defence Forces have long integrated unmanned aerial targets into air defence training, including towing and drone simulations at ranges like Lohtaja. Meanwhile, helicopter door gunners in Finland use the Dillon 134D machine gun—chambered in 7.62×51mm, the same calibre as the widely used .308 Win hunting round—which has also proven effective against drones in Ukraine.