Finnish researchers develop celiac disease drug that could reach market in 3–5 years

A new drug for celiac disease, under development at the universities of Tampere and Oulu, may become available within three to five years, offering relief for patients who currently rely solely on a strict gluten-free diet.

The drug, ZED1227, blocks the inflammatory response triggered by gluten in the intestines of celiac patients, according to research led by Keijo Viiri, adjunct professor of molecular medicine at the University of Oulu and docent at Tampere University. Recent trials show the drug restores blood markers to levels comparable to those on a gluten-free diet, though it is intended as a supplement—not a replacement—for dietary restrictions.

For patients like Iida Hilli, a Tampere resident with celiac disease, the drug could reduce the constant stress of accidental gluten exposure. “It would help most with the mental burden of eating outside the home,” she said, noting that even small amounts of gluten can disrupt important events. Hilli, diagnosed at 13 after prolonged anemia, described past exhaustion from managing the diet daily, compounded by guilt over finding it burdensome.

The drug targets transglutaminase 2, an enzyme that converts gluten into a toxic form in celiac patients. While not a cure, it could mitigate symptoms for the roughly 2% of people whose gluten consumption triggers the autoimmune disorder. Viiri estimates a consumer version could reach pharmacies in 3–5 years if trials proceed smoothly, particularly aiding those who still experience symptoms despite dietary compliance.

Hilli’s interest in the drug has grown since her one-year-old showed signs of grain sensitivity. “If my child were diagnosed and the drug were available, they could safely eat treats like chocolate that might contain traces of wheat,” she said.

Other promising treatments, such as the gluten-degrading enzyme latiglutenase, are also in development.