Research begins on genetic material of arctic foxes in Iceland’s regions

For the first time, research is being conducted on the genetic material of the Icelandic arctic fox. Evidence suggests that there may be more than one genetic lineage of the species within the country. The arctic fox likely arrived in Iceland shortly after the last Ice Age, and it is considered one of the hardiest small mammals in the Arctic, if not the most resilient.

The study, which is supported by a significant grant from the Icelandic Research Fund amounting to 53 million ISK, is being carried out in three regions: North Ísafjarðarsýsla, North Múlasýsla, and Árnessýsla. Researchers hope the investigation will enhance understanding of the fox’s genetic structure and its status in these areas, particularly given the impact of environmental changes and substantial hunting pressure on the population.

The oldest remains of the arctic fox discovered in Iceland are approximately 3,500 years old. Ester Rut Unnsteinsdóttir, a mammal ecologist at the Icelandic Institute of Natural History, leads the project. She noted that there have long been indications of distinct fox lineages, such as coastal populations and those in more remote inland areas, possibly affected by environmental disturbances.

As part of the investigation, collaring efforts are underway, with plans to fit 20 foxes in each study area, evenly split between genders. The project involves collaboration with local hunters and communities, although fundraising for the collars has proven challenging.

The research aims to explore genetic variations, differences in jaw structure, and the limited exchange between populations in various parts of the country.