Atlantic ocean currents at higher risk of collapse than previously thought, study warns

A major system of Atlantic ocean currents, including the Gulf Stream, is far more vulnerable to collapse than scientists had estimated, according to a new study, with potentially catastrophic consequences for Europe’s climate.

Research published in Science Advances in April suggests that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (Amoc)—a system that carries warm water northward and cold water southward—could shut down if global warming continues. If this occurs, average temperatures in Finland could drop by up to 10 degrees Celsius in some areas, even as the rest of the world continues to warm.

The Gulf Stream, part of the Amoc system, currently transports warm water toward Western and Northern Europe, giving the region a milder climate than other areas at similar latitudes. The Finnish Meteorological Institute warns that a collapse would disrupt food and energy production, with severe economic and environmental impacts.

The study’s findings have raised concerns among scientists, who previously underestimated the system’s fragility. The public broadcaster Yle has invited readers to submit questions about the phenomenon, with selected queries to be answered by experts.