Researchers debunk conspiracy theories surrounding sinking of M/S Estonia in Baltic Sea

Researchers have debunked conspiracy theories surrounding the worst peacetime maritime disaster in the Baltic Sea, the sinking of the M/S Estonia, in a comprehensive study that has spanned four years and cost €7 million. The tragedy occurred on September 28, 1994, when the ferry departed from Tallinn for Stockholm carrying 989 passengers, 852 of whom perished within hours.

On the fateful night, severe weather conditions featured winds of 20 m/s and significant wave heights of 4 meters. The crew faced problems when a loud noise was heard near the car ramp, quickly followed by the failure of the bow visor. By 1:22 AM, a distress call was made, reporting a severe list to one side. Shortly after, the ferry sank rapidly.

By 3:05 AM, rescue helicopters had managed to save 104 people, with the first rescue unit arriving about 20 minutes post-sinking. The majority of survivors were located on lifeboats. However, of the initial passengers, over 700 remained trapped inside.

In the aftermath, the investigation revealed that strong waves had compromised the bow visor locks, leading to the flooding of the vessel. Despite this, many conspiracy theories have emerged, suggesting that the Swedish and Estonian governments wished to cover up the real reasons behind the disaster. Speculations included notions of sabotage or an explosion on board.

In 2020, new evidence related to a previously unknown hole in the ship’s hull was found, prompting an evaluation of whether a new investigation was necessary. A preliminary report released in January 2023 confirmed that the original conclusions remain valid, stating no new investigation is needed. The findings have rekindled discussions about safety and preparedness in maritime operations.