Russian cyberattacks can cause as much damage as conventional warfare, experts say

Russian cyberattacks can inflict damage comparable to traditional warfare, according to experts speaking on Finnish broadcaster Yle’s A-studio programme.

Mikko Porvali, a researcher in intelligence history, described Russia’s cyber operations as well-resourced, long-term, and meticulously planned state activity. He noted that under international law, an armed attack does not require literal use of weapons—examples include naval blockades or, potentially, cyberattacks.

However, Porvali acknowledged that the threshold for what constitutes an armed attack in cyberspace remains unclear. He added that Russia deliberately operates below this threshold in its actions.

Juhani Eronen, a leading expert at Finland’s Cybersecurity Centre, stated that Russia’s cyber operations are persistent and goal-oriented, citing attacks on Ukrainian energy infrastructure as examples of severe damage caused.

Porvali emphasised that cyberattacks can cause harm equivalent to conventional warfare and that responses need not be limited to cyber means—they could include diplomatic measures.

Last week, Finland’s Security and Intelligence Service (Supo) and military intelligence, alongside Western partners, warned of the Russian cyber threat actor Laundry Bear, which targets public administration, critical infrastructure, defence industry, and technology companies. Finland has also been a target.